Pneumomediastinum secondary to invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation
Abstract
Pneumomediastinum (PM) is defined as the presence of abnormal gas in the mediastinum.
It is a known complication of invasive mechanical ventilation and has been reported with
non-invasive ventilation. Recent studies have reported that the incidence of barotrauma is
lowest in post-operative patients and is highest in mechanically ventilated patients with acute
respiratory distress syndrome. The incidence has dropped with the low tidal volume ventilation
technique. Chest x-rays can miss up to 25% of small PMs detected by computed tomography
scans of the chest. Pneumomediastinum is managed with low tidal volume ventilation with
plateau pressures <30 cm H2O and treatment of the underlying lung disease. Novel ways of
ventilation, such as high frequency oscillatory ventilation and asynchronous independent lung
ventilation, may improve ventilation in some patients.
Keywords
References
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DOI: 10.12746/swrccc.v7i27.524
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