Lipoprotein(a) screening: A comprehensive update on its role in assessing cardiovascular risk

Abstract

Lipoprotein(a) has a significant role in cardiovascular risk assessment. According to multiple international guidelines, Lipoprotein(a) is a modified form of LDL with atherogenic potential. Elevated Lipoprotein(a) levels are independently associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary heart disease death. Current guidelines recommend measuring Lipoprotein(a) in patients with a personal or family history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, familial hypercholesterolemia, moderate to high cardiovascular risk, and family members with high lipoprotein(a). In general Lipoprotein(a) level of ≥50 mg/dL carries a clinically important risk-enhancing factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.  This review covers pathophysiology, screening, risk assessment, potential treatment options, and current randomized clinical trials.