Midkine as a novel biomarker for contrast-induced acute kidney injury

Mahmoud Abdelnabi MD, Abdallah Almaghraby MD, Juthipong Benjanuwattra MD, Mohamed Ahmed MD

ABSTRACT

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is an intrinsic kidney injury caused by contrast injection in susceptible individuals. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms by which contrast agents induce kidney injury have not been completely explained, direct and indirect effects, as well as hemodynamic perturbations, have been suggested. Renal effects develop immediately after contrast injection, and, theoretically, they could be detected early by using a sensitive biomarker. Recently, studies have been conducted to determine specific biomarkers to guide the early diagnosis of CI-AKI and thus improve the outcomes of these patients. Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor that balances cell growth, survival, and migration. It has an antiapoptotic activity in nephrogenesis. Midkine has been investigated as an early biomarker for CI-AKI in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable angina and was significantly higher in CI-AKI patients post PCU. However, more studies are needed to validate its efficacy in the early detection of CI-AKI.

Keywords: Contrast-induced nephropathy, contrast-induced acute kidney injury, midkine, biomarker.

Article citation: Abdelnabi M, Almaghraby A, Benjanuwattra J, Ahmed M. Midkine as a novel biomarker for contrast-induced acute kidney injury. The Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 2022;10(42):12–15
From: Department of Internal Medicine (MA, JB), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas; Cardiology and Angiology Unit (MA), Clinical and Experimental Internal Medicine Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Cardiology Department (AA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Critical Care Department (MA), Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
Submitted: 1/10/2022
Accepted: 1/14/2022
Conflicts of interest: none
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