Patent foramen ovale closure: To do or not to do!

Hagen PT, Sholz DG, Edwards WD. Incidence and size of

patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of line: an

autopsy study of 965 normal hearts. Mayo Clin Proc 1984;59:

–20.

Mojadidi MK, Winoker JS, Roberts SC, et al. Accuracy of

conventional transthoracic echocardiography for the diagnosis

of intracardiac right-to-left shunt: a meta-analysis of prospective

studies. Echocardiography 2014;31:1036–1048.

Mojadidi MK, Bogush N, Caceres JD, et al. Diagnostic accuracy

of transesophageal echocardiogram for the detection of

patent foramen ovale: a meta-analysis. Echocardiography. 2014;

:752–758.

Mojadidi MK, Roberts SC, Winoker JS, et al. Accuracy of

transcranial Doppler for the diagnosis of intracardiac rightto-

left shunt: a bivariate meta-analysis of prospective studies.

JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;7:236–250.

Dahlöf, CGH, Søndergaard L, Hannam PH. The rationale for

PFO closure: a series of arguments for and against. Vascular

Disease Management 2009;6(3):80–90.

Furlen AJ, Reisman M, Massaro J, et al. Closure or medical

therapy for cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale.

N Engl J Med 2012;366:991–999.

Meier B, Kalesan B, Mattle H, et al. Percutaneous closure of

patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic embolism. N Engl J Med

;368:1083–1091.

Carroll JD, Saver JF, Thaler DE, et al. Closure of patent foramen

ovale vs. medical therapy after cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med

;268:1091–1100.

Søndergaard L, Kasner SE, Rhodes JF, et al. Patent foramen

ovale closure or antiplatelet therapy for cryptogenic stroke.

N Engl J Med 2017;377:1033–1042.